Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Sciences
Volume:9 Issue: 4, Oct -Dec 2022

Context: 

The family‑centered round as a dimension of family‑centered care has become a challenging issue in adult patient settings. There is insufficient evidence of the impact of the presence of the adult patient’s family members during the teaching round on their anxiety.

 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of family presence during teaching rounds on their anxiety in cardiac intensive care units (CICUs).

Settings and Design:

 This interventional study was conducted at a CICU in Ali ibn Abi Talib Hospital in Rafsanjan, Iran, from May to August 2018.

 Sixty hospitalized patients at CICU were selected based on inclusion criteria and then, randomly assigned into two equal‑sized groups (with and without family members’ presence during teaching rounds). The anxiety score of family members was measured before and after rounds using the Spielberger State‑Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).

Statistical Analysis Used: 

Data were analyzed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software using Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, Chi‑square test, independent‑sample t‑test, and paired sample t‑test, at the significance level of <0.05.

 Two groups were similar in terms of demographic variables. The STAI score in the family members’ presence group significantly decreased after intervention (P < 0.001). However, the STAI score in without the family presence group did not change significantly (P = 0.175). After the intervention, the STAI score in the family members’ presence group was significantly lower than the without family presence group (P = 0.016; effect size = 0.642).

 Family presence during teaching rounds at CICU can reduce their anxiety.

Context:

 Although spouses play the main role as caregivers, few intervention studies have been performed on the psychological health of breast cancer patients’ spouses.

 To determine Mindful‑Centered Self‑care Empowerment Training Program (MScETP) influencing the breast cancer patients’ spouses’ depression and their family functioning.

Setting and Design:

 A quasi‑experimental study with one‑group pre-and post-test design.

 The sample included 46 randomly selected cancer patients’ spouses meeting the inclusion criteria, referring to the specialized clinics of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Firstly, the pretest was conducted and then the posttest was done a week following the intervention. Data collection was done by Beck Depression Inventory-II and Family Assessment Device-60 Questionnaire before and after implementing the MScETP.

Statistical Analysis: 

by ANOVA and dependent t-test by SPSS-22 at significance level as P < 0.05.

 The results reported the pre‑ and post-intervention mean (±SD) of the spouses’ depression as 15.65 (±6.79) and 12.95 (±4.99), respectively. The mean (± SD) of six FAD subscales was calculated as it follows: problem‑solving 2.30 (±0.33) and 2.15 (±0.29), communication 2.33 (±0.29) and2.27 (±0.19), roles 2.21 (±0.23) and2.31 (±0.19), affective responsiveness2.08(±0.32) and2.28(±0.32), affective involvement2.62 (±0.40) and 2.27 (±0.29), and behavior control 2.60 (±0.31) and 2.33 (±0.27), and General Functioning Scale 2.35 (±0.27) and 2.11 (±0.23) (P < 0.05). As the findings showed, the training significantly affected the breast cancer sufferers’ spouses’ depression and their family functioning (P < 0.05).

 The study findings revealed MScETP meaningfully reduced the breast cancer patients’ spouses’ depression and improved their family functioning.

Context: 

Temperament (Mizaj) as an individual factor plays an important role in physical, mental, and sexual features.

 This study aims to investigate the effect of an educational program based on the temperament in Iranian traditional medicine (ITM) on sexual dysfunction in diabetic women.

Settings and Design: 

This was a randomized controlled trial (RCT) study conducted on 30 women with diabetes referring diabetes care centers affiliated to Imam Khomeini Hospital in the city of Sari, Iran, 2021.

 The participants were assigned into intervention and control groups by simple randomization. The intervention group received a healthy lifestyle educational program based on the type of temperament in four group education sessions. The tools of Sociodemographic Medical Characteristics, Mizaj Identification Questionnaire and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) were used in the study.

Statistical Analysis Used:

 Data analysis was performed employing descriptive statistics and statistical tests including Chi square, Kolmogorov–Smirnov, repeated measures analysis of variance, independent t-test, and paired t-test.

 Significant differences were observed in the total score of sexual function and all the FSFI domains except lubrication between the two groups (P=0.085).

 An educational program based on mizaj in ITM can be an appropriate approach to improve the sexual function in diabetic women.

Context: 

Birth is a physiological and multidimensional process with physical, psychological, and social aspects. Therefore, it needs to be addressed in all aspects. Today, metaphors are used to render multidimensional concepts more understandable.

 To determine the women’s emotions about the experience of normal childbirth based on the metaphors.

Setting and Design:

 A phenomenological study on postpartum women who gave vaginal birth at a state hospital in Turkey in 2019–2020.

 The purposive sampling was employed until data saturation. Data were collected with a descriptive characteristic form and an individual semi‑structured interview with 31 women who gave a vaginal birth.

Statistical Analysis Used: 

The content analysis defined by Graneheim and Lundman was used in the analysis of the data.

 Three different themes emerged from the interviews: metaphors reflecting positive emotions, metaphors reflecting complex emotions, and metaphors reflecting negative emotions.

 Extracted metaphors in this study showed that positive and negative childbirth experiences may affect women’s emotions about childbirth process. It was determined that received antenatal education was effective on women’s positive or negative perception of the birth process. Hence, providing the information for pregnant women in the prenatal period may be a helpful factor in the development of positive metaphors.

Context: 

Hospital accreditation (HA) is the systematic evaluation of the accepted standards by an independent organization, which consists of specialized and skilled people to improve the safety and quality of health‑care providers.

 This study was conducted to explore HA challenges from nursing managers’ viewpoints.

Settings and Design:

 This qualitative study was conducted by a content analysis approach.

 Twelve nursing managers of one hospital were recruited by the purposive sampling method. Data were collected through focus group discussions and also unstructured and deep interviews

Statistical Analysis Used: 

Conventional content analysis was performed. Rigor‘s study was done through credibility and confirmability, transferability, and dependability.

 During the analyzing process, the 3 main themes and 11 sub‑themes including “negative emotions toward the process of evaluation (stress on staff, ignoring the staff, and “evaluator’s negative view),” “inappropriate evaluation procedure (nonprofessional performance of evaluators and inappropriate metrics scoring),” and “increased workload (lack of personnel and overdocumentation)” emerged.

 Nursing managers experienced some enhancement over three courses of HA but their experiences revealed some barriers, which are thought‑provoking. Considering these challenges by the Ministry of Health and accreditation units of medical universities can facilitate the implementation of HA.

Context: 

Giving birth to one’s first child is associated with worries such as fear of fetal abnormalities, adapting to a new identity, and fear of childbirth, which can adversely affect the process of pregnancy, childbirth, and maternal and fetal/neonatal health.

 The present study was conducted to determine the effect of mindfulness‑based group counseling on pregnancy worries and stress in Nulligravida women.

Setting and Design:

 The present randomized field trial study was conducted on 114 Nulligravida women at 12–20 weeks of gestation covered by comprehensive health centers of Gorgan.

 The data were collected using a demographic form and the Farsi version of the 25‑item Pregnancy Worries and Stresses Questionnaire. In the intervention group (n = 53), 6 to 12 pregnant women participated in 8 weekly 120–150‑min sessions of mindfulness‑based group counseling. The mothers in the control group(n=61) received no intervention. At the end of the eighth session, the posttest was completed by both groups.

Statistical Analysis Used: 

Data were analyzed in SPSS‑16 at a confidence level of 95% using the parametric independent and paired t‑tests and nonparametric Chi‑squared, Mann‑Whitney, and Wilcoxon tests.

 The mean scores of pregnancy stress and worries before and after mindfulness‑based group counseling increased by 11 units from 23.46 ± 13.03 to 34.96 ± 15.88 in the intervention group (P < 0.001), but these scores showed no significant changes in the control group in the pretest and posttest (P > 0.05).

 The results showed that mindfulness‑based group counseling can abate the worries and stresses of Nulligravida women.

Context: 

The impact and prognosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) change considerably depending on the severity, clinical setting, comorbid factors, and also Geographic location.

 To assess the severity and the risk factors of hospital‑acquired AKI (HA‑AKI) in diabetic and hypertensive patients.

Settings and Design: 

A prospective cohort study was conducted in 2019 with 88 hypertensive and diabetic in hospitalized patients of Distrito Federal.

 A structured questionnaire and Charlson’s comorbidity index (CCI) were the data collection instruments.

Statistical Analysis: 

The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential methods.

 Hypertensive and diabetic patients were older (70 [62–76] years old, P = 0.001), with a body mass index indicating overweight (26.9 [24.0–31.1] kg/m2 , P = 0.01). AKI predominated among the hypertensive and diabetic patients(30 [52.6%]), and with higher severity stages(Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes 2 and 3) (22 [38.6%]). Hypertensive and diabetic patients presented more severity (Charlson >3, P = 0.03), suffered from kidney injury more frequently (30 [52.6%]), and with more severe stages (kidney injury or failure) (22 [38.6%]). Heart disease ([odds ratio (OR) 17.94, confidence interval (CI) 2.23–144.44], P = 0.007) and older age ([OR 1.05, CI 1.01–1.09], P = 0.009) were independent risk factors for predisposition to kidney injury in patients with hypertension and diabetes.

 The hypertensive and diabetic patients were older, with a CCI >3, and evolved to more severe AKI. Heart disease and older age contributed to HA‑AKI. Delays in identifying risk factors may predispose to more severe impairments. Risk assessments support early identification and can encourage professionals in directing, decision‑making, and care management.

Context:

 Epulis gravidarum in pregnancy is a condition usually affecting pregnant women between the 3rd and 9th months of pregnancy.

 Considering the lack of precise statistics about the prevalence of this condition in the Mazandaran province, we set out to conduct a study for examining the frequency of epulis gravidarum among pregnant women in Sari and Ghaemshahr cities in 2020.

Setting and Design: 

In this cross‑sectional investigation, 1800 pregnant women were studied by stratified random sampling method in healthcare centers in Sari and Ghaemshahr in 2020.

 In total, 30 centers were monitored during 2 working months and from each center, about 60 pregnant women were selected. A checklist was designed to record the data, including demographic characteristics as well as the oral health status of the participants. Then, intraoral examination was performed to detect the epulis gravidarum.

Statistical Analysis Used:

 Data were analyzed through descriptive (mean, standard deviation, and frequency) Chi‑square, and Cramer’s V correlation coefficient.

 The prevalence of epulis gravidarum was 4.38% (79 pregnant women). Furthermore, 11.27% of the total participants in the study were women in their 1st to 3rd months of pregnancy; 47.55% in 4th to 6th months, and 41.18% in 7th to 9th months of pregnancy. Based on multivariate logistics analysis, a significant relationship was observed between the use of cigarette smoking (P < 0.001), low age (P = 0.002), and don’t use of floss (P < 0.001) and presence of epulis gravidarum.

 The results indicated that oral and dental health care is very important during pregnancy, and if women observed any atypical lesions during pregnancy in their mouth, they should consult a dentist.

Context:

 Academic procrastination leads to dysfunctional learning outcomes in terms of patient care skills, and consequently, the nursing students’ knowledge and awareness declines, which is known as a deterrent to their success. On the other hand, perceived competence, self efficacy, and self esteem significantly influence the students’ health and proper functioning of the study. Hence, it is important to examine the relationship between the mentioned variables with procrastination.

 This study was designed to determine the relationship between perceived competence, self‑esteem, and self‑efficacy with academic procrastination among the nursing students of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences.

Settings and Design:

 This was a descriptive‑analytical study. It was conducted in three nursing schools of Sari, Amol, and Behshahr in the north of Iran in 2020.

 The sample size included 299 nursing students selected by stratified random sampling out of all undergraduate and graduate students. The research tools included the Demographic Characteristics Questionnaire, Williams and Desi’s Perceived Competence Scale, Rosenberg Self‑Esteem Scale, Schwarzer and Jerusalem Self‑Efficacy, and Tuckman Procrastination Scale.

Statistical Analysis:

 The descriptive statistics (frequency and mean ± standard deviation [SD], median, and quartiles) and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient were used for statistical analysis.

 According to the results, the mean and SD of the scores for academic procrastination, perceived competence, self‑esteem, and self‑efficacy was 26.05 ± 6.10, 25.77 ± 2.93, 9.84 ± 1.86, and 8.31 ± 11.85, respectively. Spearman’s correlation coefficient revealed a positive significant correlation between academic procrastination and perceived competence (r = 0.56, P = 0.001) and a negative meaningful correlation with self‑esteem (r = −0.30, P = 0.001) and self‑efficacy (r = −0.43, P = 0.001).

 According to the findings, academic procrastination displayed a positive relationship with perceived competence and a negative relationship was found with self‑esteem and self‑efficacy. Therefore, it is necessary to take the variables, namely, self‑esteem, perceived competence, and self‑efficacy into account in order to reduce academic procrastination.

Context:

 In pandemic process, nurses, who are the primary day‑to‑day caretakers of COVID‑19 patients, encounter physical, psychological, and social problems due to the long working hours, the possibility of being exposed to the virus. These negative factors adversely affect the sleep quality of nurses.

 We aimed to investigate sleep quality in nurses working at a hospital during the COVID‑19 pandemic.

Setting and Design: 

This cross‑sectional descriptive study was carried out between August and September 2020.

 Study data were collected from 234 nurses working in a hospital in Turkey using demographic and professional characteristics form and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).

Statistical Analysis: 

The data of the study were evaluated using the statistical software program SPSS 20.

 The nurses’ mean total PSQI score was found to be 10.76 ± 3.23. There was no statistically significant difference between the variables of age, gender, education and having children and the mean total PUKI score (P > 0.05).

 In this study, it was determined that most of the nurses had sleep problems, and that their sleep quality was poor. It can be recommended to conduct more studies that draw attention to the sleep quality of nurses during the pandemic, and to evaluate the results and to share them with nurses and hospital administrators. Furthermore, it may be recommended to provide counseling to nurses on complementary practices (listening to music, massage, meditation, etc.) that will increase the motivation of nurses and provide mental relaxation.

Context: Nowadays, in view of improved patients’ awareness of their rights to receive safe and high‑quality services, many legal issues stand facing the nursing profession. With the aim of providing such services, nurses are thus required to unquestionably have a sufficient understanding of legal issues and professional/ethical/criminal laws specific to nursing, empowering them to protect themselves and their patients.

 Purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of nurses toward legal issues.

Setting and Design: 

The present study is a cross‑sectional analytical study that was conducted in 2021 in 5 medical and educational centers of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. The study population included all nurses working in medical and educational centers.

 The data collection tool was a questionnaire related to the status of knowledge and attitude and practice of nurses of legal issues.

Statistical Analysis Used: 

Pearson correlation coefficient (Pearson’s r) and multiple linear regression were utilized to establish the relationship between the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) scores and to identify the factors shaping these values, respectively.

 As well, the knowledge mean score was equal to 13.81 ± 1.32, and such values for attitudes and practices were 8.02 ± 1.62 and 24.15 ± 1.36, respectively. Significant relationships were also observed between gender, employment type, source of information, and attitude mean score, as well as gender and practices mean score.

 Despite the satisfactory levels of KAP about legal issues as well as professional/ethical/criminal laws specific to the nursing profession among the Iranian nurses, there is still a need to broaden their knowledge of the relevant formalities in this domain.

Context:

 Fatigue and the reduced quality of life are among the most common problems of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), affecting all aspects of life in these patients.

 This study aimed to evaluate the effects of self‑care program based on the Orem self‑care model on fatigue and quality of life in patients with COPD.

Setting and Design: 

This was a randomized controlled trial conducted on 66 patients with COPD who were admitted to hospitals of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

 The patients were randomized either to the intervention group or control group using random numbers by random allocation software. The intervention group received self‑care program based on the Orem’s self‑care theory, including four educational sessions as well as a 2‑month follow‑up. The control group received only usual care. The needed data were collected using the Fatigue Severity Scale and 12‑item Short‑Form Health Survey questionnaire once before and once after the interventions and then analyzed using descriptive and analytic statistics.

Statistical Analysis Used: 

These data were analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive and analytic statistics.

 In the intervention group, the mean score of fatigue reduced and the mean score of quality of life significantly increased after performing the interventions (P < 0.05). Moreover, the mean scores of fatigue and quality of life were significantly different between the groups (P < 0.05). The mean changes in terms of fatigue and quality of life scores were significantly greater in the intervention group compared to the control group (P < 0.05).

 Orem’s self‑care theory is an effective nursing theoretical framework used to reduce fatigue and improve quality of life, thus it can be used for other chronic diseases and conditions as well.